22 MHC class I alleles are the major genetic determinants associated with people able to control HIV infection without therapy.
The International HIV Controllers Study. (2010) Science 330: 1551-1557.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1551.abstract
21 A protein (MCl-1) that inhibits apoptosis is essential for the survival of immune memory cells.
Vikstrom I, et al. (2010) Science 330: 1095-1099.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6007/1095.abstract
20 The Ets-1 transcription factor controls the development and function of natural regulatory T cells.
Mouly E. et al. (2010). J. Exp. Med. 207: 2113-2125.
http://jem.rupress.org/content/207/10/2113.abstract
19 CD11c depletion severely disrupts Th2 induction and development in vivo
Phythian-Adams AT. et al. (2010). J. Exp. Med. 207: 2089-2096
http://jem.rupress.org/content/207/10/2089.abstract
18 Immune cells that recognize 'self' tissues need to be eliminated or controlled in order to prevent autoimmune diseases. Here, a T-cell population is delineated that is necessary to maintain self tolerance in mice. Genetic disruption of the inhibitory interaction between these CD8+ T cells and their target Qa-1+ follicular T-helper cells results in a lethal systemic-lupus-erythematosus-like autoimmune disease.
Kim HJ. et al. (2010). Nature 467: 328-332.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v467/n7313/abs/nature09370.html
17 Specific aspects of Treg suppressor function are controlled by a single miRNA and that an optimal range of Stat1 activation is important for Treg-mediated control of Th1 responses and associated autoimmunity.
Lu LF. et al. (2010). Cell 142:914-929.
http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(10)00919-0
16 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fails to induce interferon in the cells that it infects, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. A cryptic sensor for HIV-1 activates antiviral innate immunity in dendritic cells.
Manel N. et al. (2010). Nature 467: 214-217.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v467/n7312/abs/nature09337.html
15 Holt et al. describe an anti-HIV strategy in which human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are modified with zinc-finger nucleases to knock out the viral co-receptor CCR5. Transplantation of these cells into mice confers resistance to HIV, as shown by higher human T-cell counts and lower viral loads compared with animals that received unmodified cells.
Holt N. et al. (2010). Nature Biotechnology 28: 839-847.
http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v28/n8/abs/nbt.1663.html
14 Dendritic cells in individuals with cancer and in mouse tumor models show an increase in triacylglycerides that seems to impair their antigen-processing capability and could thus contribute to tumor immune tolerance. This aberrant lipid load results from tumor-induced elevation of the scavenger receptor Msr1 on dendritic cells, and it can be targeted therapeutically to improve the efficiency of anticancer vaccines.
Herber DL. et al. (2010). Nature Medicine 16:880-886.
http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v16/n8/abs/nm.2172.html
13 CD46 is best known as a regulator of complement function. Kemper et al. show that CD46 can switch inflammatory T cells into a regulatory mode and demonstrate the molecular details of this process.
Cardone J. et al. (2010). Nature Immunology 11: 862-871.
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v11/n9/abs/ni.1917.html
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